อายุของจักรวาล
Œ͹ʹյ 33 ͹ ǧʵÏ 䴌١ẋ¡͡໚ͧ ˹Nj ѡ (universe) 䴌͡Դ໚ҹٌNjҨѡ෋ ѡʵÏ ઋ͡؋ɮ steady state ŧNj ѡ ѡÌҧ ʹ ʋǹѡʵÏ؋˹ ѺNj ѡöѺ ɮ ŧNjҨѡ͡ ԴҡԴ˭ big bang ѧԴҡ䴌ѡ ѹˌ硫赋ҧ ؋˹ѴШҡѹ
֧Njҷɮ steady state big bang ˌػ͹ѹNjҨѡ ɮͧˌҷҹᵡҧѹФҷҹ ѡԷʵÏöǨ ͺѴԹ١ͧ䴌 ઋ ɮ big bang ҹNj ҨѡԴԧ ѧ ԴѧÌ͹ŧًҼҹ ҹ ѧŧ سҳ -270 ͧ Ҽҹҳ 10,000 Ōҹ ʋǹɮ steady state 䴌ŋǶ֧ѧÌ͹Njҹ
ѧ A. Penzias R. Wilson ˋ Bell Laboratory Ѱԡ䴌ҹNj ѧÌ͹ѧŋٻͧѧǿ ἋШًǡ ءҧ ѧÌ͹ سҳ -270 ͧ çɮ big bang 䴌 ҹnjءС Ѻ ١ͧ ͧɮ big bang ֧໚ͧա§䴌
䴌Թ "§ѡԴ" ͡ҡ з ˌ Penzias Wilson 䴌ѺҧҢ ԡʏŌ ѧ ˌɮ steady state ١ʹ‹ҧ͵
ءѹѡԷʵÏʋǹҡ ١ͧͧɮ big bang (1) ɮҹNjҨѡ E. Hubble 䴌Njҡ硫յҧ ѧ؋˹ҡѹʹ ԧ (2) ɮ ҹNj ѧǿἋШًѡ A. Penzias R. Wilson ѧѧŋǨԧ (3) ɮ ҹŢشóͧҵصҧ ѡ ѡԷʵÏ䴌Nj ҳҵصҧ ԧɮ big bang 䴌 ҹnjءС
NjԴѡ ͧɮ big bang ໚Ѻ ᵋջ ˹ ɮ big bang ѧˌ ҵͺѴਹ Ҷ ѡԴ ÷ ˌѡԴʋǹ Ҷ Njҡ͹ѡԴ ѡ‹ҧ ɮտԡʏѹŧNj Ҷઋ໚ ÌС͹ѡԴ ᵋѡ͡ Դ Ìѹ ѧ ٻ ֧໚ ҶٌNj֧
Ѻ ҶNjҨѡԴ䴌໚ ҶѡʵÏ䴌ǧҤ ͺҹŌ 4 ͹ǧʵÏ経ͧ༪ԭԡĵҧ‹ҧعç ѡʵÏ؋˹ҹNj ҡ֡͹ͧ硫 䴌NjҨѡ§ 8,000 Ōҹ෋ҹͧ ѡʵÏ؋˹ ʹ֡ ͧġɏ ѺNj ġɏҧǧҡ֧ 16,000 Ōҹ Ţઋ Nj໚Ţ ġɏ໚ ͧСͺ˹ͧѡԴѧѡԴŌ ͹١赌ͧԴҡͧ ѧ ١ ͧع¡Nj ѹ ᵋŢͧġɏNjҵŢͧѡઋ ѴŒ֧໚ͧعç ѡԷʵÏ䴌ẋǡ͢¡ѹ ᵋѡԷʵ աNj ŢͧԴً
ѴŒѧػ ͻ ͧǡˋû䴌ҹNjҴ Hipparcos ١ʋ⤨ͺš ͻ .. 2532 Ѵҧġɏҧ Nj 1 ʹǧًˋҧҡš 䴌ʋʴˌNj ѡNj 8,000 Ōҹ ġ ҡش ع¡Nj 16,000 Ōҹ ѴŒ֧⹌Ŵŧ
ѡʵÏٌNj ٌͧѡǢͧ çѺѴҧ ҡ ġɏʋǹ˭ًˋҧҡšҡ໚Ōҹ ѧԴҴѴ ֧͡Դ䴌ҡ ෤ԤѴҧѡʵÏѹ㪌ѹҡѴNj ͧġɏ NjҶٌNjҧ᷌ԧͧġɏ ö ҹdzҧѹ ˋҧҡ䴌
سѵͧ硫աС˹ ѡʵÏˌʹ ʧ硫Ŵņ ѡʧҡ硫͹˹ҡ ҡ ѡʵÏ ҹdzѵʋǹNjҧʧ¹仡 ҧġɏًˋҧҡ 䴌Ţ ˹ ٌѡѹҹԨͧ Hubble ҤҹԨ ٧ʴNjҨѡع ᵋҤҹԨ ѡҡ 㪌ҡ Hipparcos ҹdzͧѡ W. Freedman ˋ Carnegie ԿÏ 䴌Ѵ ҹԨͧ Hubble Nj෋ҡѺ 72 ʴNj ѡNjҧ 9,000-12,000 Ōҹ ʋǹ A. Sandage ˋ Carnegie ઋѹ ѴҹԨͧ Hubble 䴌෋ҡѺ 56 ʴNj ѡ Njҧ 12,000-16,000 Ōҹ
աҹѡ Freedman 㪌Ōͧ÷ȹ Hubble ҹdzҤҹԨ Hubble ѡʵÏ ҴѧNj Ōͧ÷ȹ ԷҾNjҡŌ Hubble 㪌͹Ҥ
ѧ ŌNj ͧѡġɏ١ᡌŌǡ ᵋǧ ʵÏѧλѡ ġɏ͡ ԴÌ Ѻѡ Ō
Ëǹͧɮѡ ҤҹԨ Hubble ˌش䴌ٌ ͧѡ١ͧشѺ
ที่มา : ดร.สุทัศน์ ยกส้าน
สถาบันส่งเสริมการสอนวิทยาศาสตร์และเทคโนโลยี (สสวท.)